What Is the FeLV Vaccine for Cats?
The FeLV vaccine protects cats against feline leukemia virus, which weakens the immune system and can cause anemia and cancer. The 2020 AAHA/AAFP guidelines make it core for all kittens and cats under one year, given as two doses 3 to 4 weeks apart after a negative FeLV test, with a booster 12 months later. Adult boosters depend on risk.
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) spreads between cats mainly through close contact, such as mutual grooming, sharing bowls and bites. Infected cats can live for years but are prone to infections, anemia and lymphoma. Vaccination is the main way to protect cats that may be exposed.
FeLV vaccine schedule
| Situation | Schedule |
|---|---|
| Before vaccinating | FeLV test (antigen); vaccinate only negative cats |
| Kittens | 2 doses 3–4 weeks apart, starting as early as 8 weeks |
| Cats first vaccinated after 16 weeks | 2 doses 3–4 weeks apart |
| Booster | 12 months after the last dose of the series |
| Adults at high risk | Every year (recombinant) or every 1–3 years depending on the vaccine and risk |
| Low-risk indoor adults | Often not needed after the first-year booster |
Source: 2020 AAHA/AAFP feline vaccination guidelines, which describe FeLV as core for kittens and cats under one year and non-core for low-risk adults. For mature cats with occasional exposure, the guidelines' task force consensus is a booster every two years.
Does my cat need the FeLV vaccine?
- Kittens: Yes, the series is recommended for all kittens, because they are most susceptible and their adult lifestyle is often unknown.
- Outdoor or indoor-outdoor cats: Yes, with regular boosters.
- Cats living with an FeLV-positive cat: Yes, discuss with your vet.
- Strictly indoor adult cats with no new cats in the house: Often no further boosters after the first year.
FeLV test vs. FeLV vaccine
The test checks whether a cat already has the virus; the vaccine helps prevent infection. Testing comes first, because vaccinating an infected cat does no good. Adopt a Pet lists the FeLV test at about $60 to $120. Many shelters test cats before adoption, so ask for the result.
How much does the FeLV vaccine cost?
About $25 to $45 per dose (Pumpkin). The kitten series is two doses plus a booster a year later. See cat vaccine costs.
Side effects
Most cats have only mild soreness or tiredness. As with all cat vaccines, tell your vet about any lump at the injection site that persists for weeks.
Find veterinarians near you to test and vaccinate your cat.
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This article is general information for pet owners, not veterinary, legal or financial advice. Prices vary by city and clinic; always ask your veterinarian or provider about your own pet.